?? 在Linux系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中，如何搜、索查找文件里面的內(nèi)容呢？ 這個應(yīng)該是系統(tǒng)維護(hù)、管理當(dāng)中遇到最常見的需求。那么下面介紹，總結(jié)一下如何搜索、查找文件當(dāng)中的內(nèi)容。
搜索、查找文件當(dāng)中的內(nèi)容，一般最常用的是grep命令，另外還有egrep, vi命令也能搜索文件里面內(nèi)容
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1：搜索某個文件里面是否包含字符串，使用grep "search content" filename1， 例如
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$ grep ORA alert_gsp.log
$ grep "ORA" alert_gsp.log
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例如我們需要搜索、查找utlspadv.sql文件中包含ORA的字符內(nèi)容
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA" utlspadv.sql
? --?? ORA-XXXXX:??????? Monitoring already started. If for example you want
? --?? ORA-20111:
? --?? ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? -- 0 |<PS> =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 0 0 2 99.3% 0% 0.7% ""
? -- |<PR> DBS1.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM=> 100% 0% 0% "" |<PR> ...
? -- =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 92 7 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" |<PR> ...
? -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 2 0 0 0.E+00
? -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM
? -- ORA-20111:
? -- ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20100:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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如上所示，這個是一個模糊匹配，其實我是想要查看ORA這類錯誤，那么我要過濾掉哪一些沒有用的，搜索的內(nèi)容修改一下即可（當(dāng)然也可以使用特殊參數(shù)，后面有講述），如下所示。
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "ORA-" utlspadv.sql
? --?? ORA-XXXXX:??????? Monitoring already started. If for example you want
? --?? ORA-20111:
? --?? ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? -- ORA-20111:
? -- ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20100:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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2: 如果你想搜索多個文件是否包含某個字符串,可以使用下面方式
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grep "search content" filename1 filename2.... filenamen
grep "search content" *.sql
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[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
catspace.sql:??????????? FROM gv$temp_space_header
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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3：如果需要顯示搜索文本在文件中的行數(shù)，可以使用參數(shù)-n
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep? -n "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql
catspacd.sql:68:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
catspacd.sql:71:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:1952:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:1953:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:1956:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:1957:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
catspace.sql:2357:??????????? FROM gv$temp_space_header
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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4: 如果搜索時需要忽略大小寫問題，可以使用參數(shù)-i
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[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep? "V\$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER" *.sql
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -i "V\$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER"? *.sql
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
catspace.sql:??????????? FROM gv$temp_space_header
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
另外，例如檢查安裝的MySQL組件
[root@DB-Server init.d]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
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MySQL-devel-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5
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MySQL-client-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5
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MySQL-server-5.6.23-1.linux_glibc2.5
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5：從文件內(nèi)容查找不匹配指定字符串的行：
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$ grep –v "被查找的字符串" 文件名
例如查找某些進(jìn)程時，我們不想顯示包含命令grep ora_mmon的進(jìn)程，如下所示
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ ps -ef? | grep ora_mmon?
oracle?? 16675 16220? 0 00:09 pts/1??? 00:00:00 grep ora_mmon
oracle?? 21412???? 1? 0 Aug22 ???????? 00:00:07 ora_mmon_gsp
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ ps -ef? | grep ora_mmon? | grep -v grep
oracle?? 21412???? 1? 0 Aug22 ???????? 00:00:07 ora_mmon_gsp
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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6：搜索、查找匹配的行數(shù)：
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$ grep -c "被查找的字符串" 文件名
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep?? "v\$temp_space_header" *.sql
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
catspace.sql:??????????? FROM gv$temp_space_header
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -c? "v\$temp_space_header"? catspacd.sql
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[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -c? "v\$temp_space_header"? catspace.sql
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[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -r "v\$temp_space_header" /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql:create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql: FROM gv$temp_space_header
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql:drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql:drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
[oracle@DB-Server ~]$
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8：如果我們只想獲取那些文件包含搜索的內(nèi)容，那么可以使用下命令
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[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -H -r "v\$temp_space_header" /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/ | cut -d: -f1
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql
[oracle@DB-Server ~]$ grep -H -r "v\$temp_space_header" /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/ | cut -d: -f1 | uniq
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/catspacd.sql
[oracle@DB-Server ~]$
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9：如果只想獲取和整個搜索字符匹配的內(nèi)容，那么可以使用參數(shù)w
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你可以對比一下兩者的區(qū)別
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep -w "ORA" utlspadv.sql
? --?? ORA-XXXXX:??????? Monitoring already started. If for example you want
? --?? ORA-20111:
? --?? ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? -- ORA-20111:
? -- ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20100:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ grep? "ORA" utlspadv.sql
? --?? ORA-XXXXX:??????? Monitoring already started. If for example you want
? --?? ORA-20111:
? --?? ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? -- 0 |<PS> =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 0 0 2 99.3% 0% 0.7% ""
? -- |<PR> DBS1.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM=> 100% 0% 0% "" |<PR> ...
? -- =>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 92 7 99.3% 0% 0.7% "" |<PR> ...
? -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM 2 0 0 0.E+00
? -- |<C> CAPTURE_USER1=>DBS2.REGRESS.RDBMS.DEV.US.ORACLE.COM
? -- ORA-20111:
? -- ORA-20112:
? --?? ORA-20100:
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
? --?? ORA-20113: 'no active monitoring job found'
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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10: grep命令結(jié)合find命令搜索
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$ find . -name '*.sql' -exec grep -i 'v\$temp_space_header' {} \; -print
create or replace view v_$temp_space_header as select * from v$temp_space_header;
create or replace public synonym v$temp_space_header for v_$temp_space_header;
create or replace view gv_$temp_space_header as select * from gv$temp_space_header;
create or replace public synonym gv$temp_space_header
??????????? FROM gv$temp_space_header
./catspace.sql
drop public synonym v$temp_space_header;
drop public synonym gv$temp_space_header;
./catspacd.sql
[oracle@DB-Server admin]$
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11: egrep -w -R 'word1|word2' ~/klbtmp
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12: vi命令其實也能搜索文件里面的內(nèi)容，只不過沒有g(shù)rep命令功能那么方便、強(qiáng)大。
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參考資料：
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