動(dòng)詞的-ing形式：

動(dòng)詞的ing形式是非謂語動(dòng)詞中的一種，它由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing 形成。有的動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中起名詞作用，有的則起形容詞或副詞作用。所以在句中，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除了謂語以外的任何成分，即：主語、表語、賓語（介詞賓語和動(dòng)詞賓語）、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)）。動(dòng)詞-ing形式仍具有動(dòng)詞的若干特點(diǎn)，所以它又可以有自己的賓語和狀語等。

一般式：動(dòng)詞原形+-ing 所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

e.g. I found him lying on the ground.

完成式：having+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前

e.g. Do you remember having promised me that?

被動(dòng)式：being+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞或having been +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，表示該詞的邏輯主語是動(dòng)

作的承受者

e.g. I can’t stand being treated like that.

否定式：在動(dòng)詞的-ing形式前加not 或 never

e.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.

1. 作表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。

1) The film is moving and interesting.

這部電影感人又有趣。

2) The news sounds encouraging.

這個(gè)消息聽起來激動(dòng)人心。

（起形容詞作用的動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving） pleasing, etc.） 2. 作定語

exciting news激動(dòng)人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天

1) The man running over there is our chairman.

=The man who is running over there is our chairman. 這個(gè)跑過來的人是我們的。

2) The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide. 連接兩個(gè)村子的路非常的寬。

3) They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.

=They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago. 三十年前，他們住在一個(gè)朝北的房間里。

3. 賓語補(bǔ)足語，經(jīng)常用在動(dòng)詞feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，

watch，etc.后作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，狀態(tài)正在持續(xù)。 1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. 當(dāng)他路過銀行的時(shí)候，他看到小偷正在偷錢。 2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.

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這對(duì)父母可以聽到他們的女兒在彈鋼琴。

3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour. 他讓我等了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。

4) Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.

別讓他在雨里等。

4. 作狀語： 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等等。

分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。

1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴隨狀語) 秘書工作到深夜，為準(zhǔn)備長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的演講稿。

2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴隨狀語) 她們邊唱邊跳走進(jìn)教室。

3) Hearing the news he jumped. （時(shí)間狀語） 聽到這個(gè)消息他跳了起來。

4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（時(shí)間狀語） 研究了地圖之后，我知道該走哪條路了。

5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因狀語） 為了避免遲到，我打車去那兒的。

6) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. （原因狀語） 他太生氣了睡不著。

7) Being unemployed, the man hasn’t enough money to buy food. 這個(gè)男人被解雇了，沒有足夠的錢買食物。

8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (結(jié)果狀語) 公交車被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，耽誤了時(shí)間。

9) His parents died, leaving him alone. (結(jié)果狀語) 他的父母去世了，留下他一個(gè)人。

10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步) 雖然被告知了很多次，他仍然重復(fù)同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.

=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited. 她彈鋼琴的時(shí)候變得非常興奮。 12) Be careful when crossing the street.

=Be careful when you are crossing the street. 過馬路的時(shí)候要小心。 注意：

(1) V-ing 所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

1) Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 聽到這個(gè)壞信息，他們?nèi)滩蛔】蘖恕?p>常用的這類動(dòng)詞有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc. (2) 動(dòng)詞-ing所表示的動(dòng)作完成之后，謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生

1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. =After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 他關(guān)掉了收音機(jī)，開始復(fù)習(xí)功課。

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2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back. =After receiving his letter, I decided to write back. 收到他的信，我決定回信。

(3) 感官動(dòng)詞see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動(dòng)詞 have的后面的

賓補(bǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行。

1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我路過她教室的時(shí)候，聽到她在唱一首英語歌。 2) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你不該讓機(jī)器運(yùn)行。

3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 在收獲季節(jié)，農(nóng)民讓拖拉機(jī)日夜不停的工作。

（4）動(dòng)詞-ing邏輯上的主語是動(dòng)詞-ing所表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，一般要用被動(dòng)形式

1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸運(yùn)，沒有被抓住。

比較：He insisted on being sent to hospital. He insisted on sending her to hospital. 如果一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞作定語 ，既要表達(dá)進(jìn)行意味，又要表達(dá)被動(dòng)意味時(shí)，就用動(dòng)詞ing

的被動(dòng)形式

2) The question being discussed is very important. 正在討論的問題非常重要。

3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last. 正在修建的摩天大樓比前年蓋的那個(gè)還要高。

4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)被老師懲罰的男生嗎？ （5） 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式代替被動(dòng)形式的情況

有些動(dòng)詞，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式代

替被動(dòng)形式，表達(dá)被動(dòng)意味。

1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.

=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired. 2) The babies want (need, require) examining.

= The babies want (need, require) to be examined. 3) The book is well worth reading again. 這本書很值得再看一遍。

4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on. 誠實(shí)的人值得被尊敬和依賴。

(6)有時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格（還可以用賓格）來表示它邏輯上的

主語，使它的意思更加完整。

1) Mary’s being late again made her teacher very angry. 瑪麗又遲到了，這讓她的老師非常生氣。 2) Do you mind my /me smoking here? 你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？ (7) 一些特殊用法：

a. allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.

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allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do

b. Generally speaking --- 一般來說

Frankly speaking, --- 坦白地說

Judging from --- 根據(jù)……來判斷 Considering --- 考慮到…… c. forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事

remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事

注意比較： forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 regret to do sth. 遺憾去做某事

stop to do sth. 停下來接著做另一件事 try to do sth. 努力做某事

mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事 go on to do sth.（做完某事）接著做另一件事 can’t help to do sth.不能幫助做某事 4

M5U2語法——現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)題

一、改寫句子

1. It seems impossible to save money now. =______ ______ now seems impossible.

2. When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _____ ______ in bed. 3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom.

=I _____ _______at home ______ _____shopping with Mom.

4. As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage = _____ _____, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage. 5. If time permits, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony. =_______ _______, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony. 二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1. She insisted ____ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.

A. on taking B. on being taken C. to take D. to be taken

2. He sent me an E-mail, _____to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

3. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? ---______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting

4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _____ the speaker ____. A. t find; left B. finding; leaving C. finding; left D. to find; gone

5. As I will be away for at least a year. I’d appreciate _____from you now and then _____me how everyone is getting along.

A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell

C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell

6. _____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

7. The job is _____to me because I have little experience. However, it is also______. A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding

8. _____comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine. A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit 9. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ---_____David go.

A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched

10. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing

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C. Comparing D. When compared

11. It is said that the Olympic Games_____ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.

A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding

12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.

A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning

13. The great hall was crowed with many people, _____ many children ____ on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting

14. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain

15. Taking this medicine, if _______, will of course do good to his health.

A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 16. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things ______. A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settled C. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle 17. _______ his age, the little boy read very well.

A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 18. His letter, ______ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 19. There are lots of places of interest ______ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired

C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 20. --- What caused the party to be put off? --- ______ the invitations.

A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send

21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but________ the flowing of the smog around me.

A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 22. --- Is Tom a good talker?

--- No, he never speaks to me other than ____ something.

A. ask for B. to ask for C. asked for D. asking for

23. I can’t get my car _________ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiator with some hot water.

A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling

24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ in all directions before he was sent ________ by his wife.

A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping

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C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep

25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door _____. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting

26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes______ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.

A. fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix 27. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.

A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called

28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, ______ just a minute. So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.

A. thought B. having thought C. and to think D. thinking

29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.

A. open; to stand B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing

30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen. A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired

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M5U2語法——現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)題答案

一、改寫句子

1. Saving money 2. himself lying 3. prefer staying; to going 4. upon arrival 5. Time permitting

二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1—5 BBCDC 11—15 CBADA 21—25 ACBAC

6—10 CACAD

16—20 BAADB 26—30 ADBCC

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